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中文核心期刊

社区开放空间视听感知对老年人恢复体验的跨模态补偿潜力

The potential cross-modal compensation of audio-visual perception on restorative experience of the elderly in community open spaces

  • 摘要: 单感官模态处理信息的敏锐度通常会随着年龄的增长而下降, 本研究旨在探究当老年人某一感官出现不适时, 是否可以通过其他感官来代替补偿, 提升恢复体验。在天津市10个典型社区开放空间对老年人进行实地问卷调查, 揭示社区开放空间视听感知因素与老年人恢复体验的关系, 并探究视听感官的跨模态补偿潜力。分层回归结果显示, 视听环境感知维度在解释老年人恢复体验的差异上贡献较大; 活动空间和水景对恢复性有显著的正向预测作用, 而成人声和儿童声的负向预测作用在视景质量低的空间中更显著。更重要的是, 研究发现了视听感官对恢复体验的跨模态感官补偿潜力, 尤其是在情绪改善和行为支持方面。当声景质量较低时, 增加活动空间可从视觉上进行补偿, 提升恢复体验; 当视景质量较低时, 增加鸟鸣和音乐可从听觉上进行补偿, 提升恢复体验。该结果为提升老年人健康效益的感官补偿设计提供了理论参考。

     

    Abstract: It is known that there is a general decline in processing speed of a single sensory modality with aging. The aim of this study is to investigate when a sensation in one modality causes discomfort, whether the restorative experience of the elderly could be improved by enhancing other sensory modalities for compensation. The study conducts a field investigation focusing on older adults in 10 representative community open spaces in Tianjin, China, to explore the relationship between audio-visual perception and restorative experience of the elderly, and further examine the potential sensory compensation effect of audio-visual interaction on their restorative experience. The results indicate that audio-visual environmental dimensions contribute considerably to the explained variance in restorative experience of the elderly. Open spaces and water features positively associate with restoration, while adults’ and children’s sounds show negative correlation with restoration in open spaces with low landscape quality. More importantly, this study suggests a potential effect of cross-modal sensory compensation on older adults’ restorative experience when one sensory dimension (auditory or visual) is not highly satisfactory, especially on mood improvement and behavior support. When the soundscape quality is low, increasing open spaces can visually compensate and improve the restorative experience. When the landscape quality is low, adding birdsong and music can compensate from the auditory sense and improve the restorative experience. These findings provide valuable theoretical reference for the effect of sensory compensation on the elderly.

     

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