静水压下内嵌梯形支撑板的吸声覆盖层吸声性能研究
Sound absorption performance of an anechoic coating embedded with support plate under hydrostatic pressure
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摘要: 水下航行器在深水工作环境下需要承受一定的静水压力, 以软弹性介质作为吸声覆盖层基体时不耐压的特性使其在实际应用中受限。针对这一问题, 在以软弹性介质为基体的含多层圆柱空腔吸声覆盖层中内嵌梯形支撑板, 以改善静水压下的吸声性能。基于有限元方法建立了静水压力下吸声覆盖层的稳态计算模型和声–固耦合模型, 通过考察吸声覆盖层模型的形变量和应力分布, 阐释了梯形支撑板对提升吸声覆盖层耐压作用的机理。研究了静水压下梯形支撑板的梯度变化形式对吸声性能的影响, 结果表明, 倒梯形支撑板在静水压下能更有效地保证吸声覆盖层良好的耐压和吸声性能。制备了内嵌梯形支撑板的含圆柱空腔软弹性介质的实验样品, 在加压条件下采用脉冲管法对实验样品的声学性能开展测量工作。实验结果表明, 内嵌梯形支撑板的吸声覆盖层在静水压下吸声性能远远优于无内嵌的情况, 且内嵌倒梯形支撑板低频吸声性能更佳。Abstract: The submarine can withstand the hydrostatic pressure of several hundred meters under the deep water working environment, and its poor pressure resistance of the soft elastic medium used as the matrix of the anechoic coating limits its practical application. To solve this problem, a trapezoidal support plate is embedded in the anechoic coating of soft elastic medium with cylindrical cavities to improve the sound absorption performance under hydrostatic pressure. Based on the finite element method, the steady-state calculation and the acoustic-solid coupling model of the anechoic coating under hydrostatic pressure are established. The shape variable and stress distribution in the model are investigated, which explains the mechanism of the trapezoidal support plate to enhance the pressure resistance of the anechoic coating. The effect of gradient variation of trapezoidal support plate on the sound absorption performance under hydrostatic pressure is studied. The results show that the trapezoidal support plate with negative gradient slope can ensure the sound absorption performance of the anechoic coating more effectively under hydrostatic pressure. The influence of the width parameters of the top and bottom surfaces of the trapezoidal support plate on the sound absorption under hydrostatic pressure is studied. Results show that the trapezoidal support plate whose width of the upper surface is larger than that of lower surface can ensure the sound absorption more effectively under hydrostatic pressure. An experimental sample containing cylindrical cavity in a soft elastic medium with trapezoidal support plate was prepared. The acoustic performance of the experimental sample was measured by the pulse tube method under hydrostatic pressure. The measurement results show that the sound absorption performance of the embedded support plate under hydrostatic pressure is much better than that without the trapezoidal support plate, and the embedded inverted trapezoidal support plate performs better in a low frequency range.