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中文核心期刊

音高显示器与普通话声调音高特性

THE PITCH INDICATOR AND THE PITCH CHARACTERISTICS OF TONES IN STANDARD CHINESE

  • 摘要: 本文着重说明如何从语音中提取音高讯号,以及如何以曲线形式表示音高变化,然后讨论普通话声调音高曲线的特性。利用非线性技术(检波器和微分电路)提取嗓音波形的“最大振幅浪纹”,然后把它转换成锯齿波。锯齿波振幅末端所形成的曲线代表语音音高变化。一般说来,普通话字音音高曲线可分为三部分,即“弯头段”、“调型段”和“降尾段”。因为四声的“调型段”音高变化具有区别性的模式,即阴平高平,阳平中升,上声低降升,去声全降,所以,“调型段”音高模式起着区别普通话四声的作用。

     

    Abstract: This paper elucidates mainly how to extract the pitch signals from speech sounds and how to indicate the pitch inflections by curves, and discusses further the characteristics of the pitch curves in Standard Chinese. The "maximum peaks" of voiced sound wave forms are extracted by means of the nonlinear technique (with detector and differenciating circuit), and then transformed into sawtoothed waves. The pitch inflections of speech sounds are indicated by the curves, which are drawn to enclose the ends of amplitudes of the sawtoothed waves. Generally speaking, the pitch curves of the syllables in Standard Chinese could be divided into three parts, namely:"the onset-curving section", "the tone section", and "the end-falling section". Since the pitch inflections of the "tone sections" in the four tones always bear their distinctive patterns (i.e., the first tone is high-level, the second-middle-rising, the third-low-falling-rising, and the fourth-high-falling), only the pitch pattern of the "tone section" plays a distinctive part of the tone in Standard Chinese.

     

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