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单轴压缩条件下岩石样品声发射信号的频谱分析

SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS OF ROCK SPECIMEN DURING UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION

  • 摘要: 本文对单轴压缩条件下大理岩和辉长岩样品变形过程中的声发射信号进行了频谱分析,分析的范围从25—387kHz。应用高速数字化数据采集系统记录了岩石变形各阶段产生的声发射波形。对32个声发射信号进行了快速傅里叶变换处理(FFT),得到它们的振幅谱。比较了不同种类岩石的频谱以及频谱随应力的变化,找出了声发射信号的频谱分布范围。
    本文选取声发射信号振幅谱的主频fAmax,峰个数n和单个声发射释放的能量IE三个参量对岩石声发射振幅谱作了统计分析,主要结果如下:
    (1)在岩石样品表面探测到的声发射信号包含多种频谱成份,并且频谱具有谐波特性。对本实验所使用的岩石样品尺度(直径2.5—5cm;长度5—10cm的圆柱形),声发射的主要能量分布在40—110kHz的频率范围内。
    (2)大理岩和辉长岩的主频分布没有明显的差异,但与样品大小有关。
    (3)岩石样品声发射频谱随压力的变化具有随机性质,没有显著的随应力增加而增大或减小的现象。

     

    Abstract: Spectral analysis of acoustic emissions (A. E. singals which occured in marble and galbbro specimens during uniaxial compression has been performed, frequency window analysed in present study ranging from 25 kHz to 387 kHz. In experiments we record the waveform of A. E. signals by using of a high speed data aquisition system, and analyse the amplitude spectrum of 32 A. E. events in virtue of FFT routine.
    Very little is known about the frequency contents of A. E. signals in spectrum of A. E. and studying of the stress dependence of those spectrum will take us one step close to the actual mechanism of acoustical emission events in rocks. In present paper, three parameters (dominant frequency fAmaX, number of peak in spectrum n and energy of an individual A. E. signal IE) are using to characterize the A. E. signals statistically. The results as follows:
    (1) A. E. signals detected on the surface of the rock specimen contain various frequency components. Their spectrum exhibit harmonic characteristics. For the marble and gab-bro specimens with the dimension of 2.5-5 cm in diameter and of 5-10 cm in length, the main energy distribute in the frequency range of 40-110 kHz.
    (2) There is no obvious deference in frequency contents between marble and gabbro, but it seems to exist somewhat size dependence of spectrum.
    (3) Spectrum of A. E. signals in rock varies randomly with the increase of stress, in other words, no remarkable stress dependence of spectrum was detected.

     

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