硝酸溶液的超声研究

Ultrasonic study of nitric acid

摘要: 用自动化脉冲回波声速测量仪测量了重量百分比浓度范围为20%~99%的硝酸在不同温度时的超声波速度。计算得诸如摩尔声速、声阻抗、绝热压缩系数、分子间自由程以及纯HNO₃液体的声速等参数,另外还推算出超额声速、超额摩尔体积、超额绝热系数、超额分子间自由程等参数。结果显示,随着硝酸浓度的增加,溶液中的离子间相互作用可能存在着先增加尔后又减小的现象。

Abstract: Ultrasonic velocity has been measured using an automatic pulseecho velocimeter at various temperatures in nitric acid at various concentrations ranging from 20 to 99 per cent of weight.The various parameters,such as molar sound velocity,specific acoustic impedance,adiabatic compressibility,intermolecular free length for the solution and the ultrasonic velocity of pure nitric acid,have been computed from the measurement results.Excess ultrasonic velocity,excess molar volume,excess adiabatic compressibility and excess intermolecular free length have also been calculated.The results show that with increasing concentration of nitric acid the strength of ion-ion interaction in the solution may increase to a maximum and then decreases.