相控声波测井的模拟实验研究
Laboratory simulation on acoustic well-logging with phased array transmitter
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摘要: 自行设计和制作了两个小型的四阵元相控线阵并进行了指向性测量,通过调节施加于相邻阵元的激励信号的延迟时间,既可以改变相控线阵声波辐射器辐射能量的方向,又可以改变辐射声束主瓣的角宽,测量结果与理论计算结果的一致性良好。分别把自行制作的小型相控线阵声波辐射器和水听器置于充液微型铝质和混凝土模型井中进行了声波测井模型实验。实验结果表明,随着相邻阵元的激励信号的延迟时间的增加,相控线阵的辐射声束指向角不断变大,先后满足滑行纵波临界折射和滑行横渡临界折射条件,先后使充液井孔中的滑行纵波、滑行横波和斯通利波分别得到加强。通过恰当选择相控线阵的阵元间距和声波频率,可以明显增大相控线阵辐射声束的角宽,使其覆盖所有地层的第一临界角的范围,从而无须在井下不断调整辐射声束方向即可实现相控声波连续测井。Abstract: Two small scale acoustic phased arrays with 4 elements are designed and set up in our laboratory and experiments are made on them. It is found that both the directivity and the radiation lobe width of the arrays can be regulated by changing the fire delay time between the neighbor elements. The results measured are in good agreement with those calculated. Then, assigning the phased arrays as acoustic transmitters and hydrophone as receiver, the small scale acoustic well-logging simulations are carried out both on an aluminium model well and on a concrete model well. The experimental results show that, by increasing the fire delay time between the neighbor elements, the steered angle of the arrays become larger and larger, and the generation conditions of refracted compressional wave and refracted shear wave are satisfied successively, while the refracted compressional wave, refracted shear wave and Stoneley wave are strengthened separately. Therefore, by choosing the distance between neighbor elements of an array and the acoustic frequency appropriately, the main lobe of the arrays can be widened to cover the first critical angle of refracted compressional wave in all kinds of formation, which makes it possible to apply phased array acoustic well-logging in any formation continuously without regulating directivity of the phased array.