Surface and submerged target discrimination using frequency wavenumber spectral energy expansion differences
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摘要:
提出基于波数能量频域扩展特征的水面水下目标分辨方法, 通过模态域波束形成计算频率波数谱, 并根据环境信息建立目标深度与波数扩展差异间的映射关系, 并以此作为判决模型实现目标深度辨识。仿真结果表明所提方法在目标方位预估不准时依然稳健。通过SWellEx-96数据和大连海域实测数据验证了本文所提方法的有效性, 海上试验数据处理结果表明该方法在132 m水平阵纵向有效孔径、100~800 Hz处理频段条件下, 初步具备了水面水下目标分辨能力, 且水面目标波数扩展特征高出水下目标10°左右, 两类目标差异明显。从声传播特性的角度, 所提方法为解决目标深度辨识难题提供了新的思路。
Abstract:A discrimination method between submerged and surface targets is proposed based on wavenumber energy frequency domain extension features. The frequency wavenumber spectrum is calculated through modal domain beamforming, and a mapping relationship between target depth and wavenumber extension differences is established based on environmental information, which is used as a decision model to achieve target depth identification. The simulation results show that the proposed method is still robust when the target azimuth estimation is not accurate. The effectiveness of the method was verified through SWellEx-96 data and measured data in the Dalian sea area. The processing results of sea trial data showed that the method has preliminary ability to distinguish surface and submerged targets under the conditions of a 132 m horizontal array longitudinal effective aperture and 100−800 Hz processing frequency band. The wavenumber expansion feature of the surface target is about 10° higher than that of the submerged target, and the difference between the two types of targets is significant. From the perspective of sound propagation characteristics, the proposed approach provides new solution to the problem of target depth discrimination.
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图 6 水面目标频率−波数谱典型仿真结果 (a) 声源深度1 m, 信噪比0 dB, 传播距离5000 m, 接收深度98 m; (b) 声源深度1 m, 信噪比1 dB, 传播距离4000 m, 接收深度20 m; (c) 声源深度4 m, 信噪比4 dB, 传播距离4000 m, 接收深度20 m; (d) 声源深度1 m, 信噪比−2 dB, 传播距离4000 m, 接收深度20 m; (e) 声源深度2 m, 信噪比1 dB, 传播距离4000 m, 接收深度98 m; (f) 声源深度3 m, 信噪比3 dB, 传播距离5000 m, 接收深度98 m
图 7 水下目标频率−波数谱典型仿真结果 (a) 声源深度21 m, 信噪比−1 dB, 传播距离6000 m, 接收深度10 m; (b) 声源深度21 m, 信噪比2 dB, 传播距离6000 m, 接收深度98 m; (c) 声源深度23 m, 信噪比4 dB, 传播距离4000 m, 接收深度10 m; (d) 声源深度29 m, 信噪比−1 dB, 传播距离6000 m, 接收深度20 m; (e) 声源深度36 m, 信噪比0 dB, 传播距离10000 m, 接收深度20 m; (f) 声源深度52 m, 信噪比4 dB, 传播距离4000 m, 接收深度20 m
图 10 典型仿真结果示例 (a) 传播距离2000 m, 信噪比6 dB; (b) 传播距离5000 m, 信噪比3 dB; (c) 传播距离6000 m, 信噪比2 dB; (d) 传播距离7000 m, 信噪比−2 dB
表 1 不同传播距离和信噪比下的误判率统计表
传播距离 (km) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 信噪比
(dB)−3 22% 16% 13% 5% 8% 5% 8% 0 13% 21% 9% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3 17% 15% 11% 3% 5% 4% 5% 
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