Statistical characteristics of acoustic transmission loss in shallow water caused by fluctuant surfaces and a fast sound field prediction method
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摘要:
基于海洋环境信息、起伏海面的小斜率近似和简正波模型, 研究了浅海环境中不同季节起伏海面散射引起的声传播损失的统计特性, 给出了海面散射声传播损失−风速拟合公式以及一种快速声场预报方法, 可据此快速评估水下长期工作设备的工作性能。仿真结果表明, 对于全年运行的水声设备, 当传播距离超过10 km时, 须考虑起伏海面散射对声传播的影响。起伏海面散射对声场的影响冬季大于夏季, 在夏季负跃层环境中起伏海面散射对下发上收声场的影响大于下发下收声场。
Abstract:In this paper, the statistical characteristics of acoustic transmission loss in shallow water caused by fluctuant surface scattering in different seasons are studied based on the marine environmental data, small slope approximation of the fluctuant surface and normal mode method. A formula fitting the relationship between wind speeds and surface scattering transmission loss is proposed, accompanied with a fast method for sound field prediction. These works can contribute to the rapid evaluation of the performance of long-working underwater acoustic equipment. It is shown that for the underwater acoustic equipment, the influence of fluctuant surface scattering on sound propagation cannot be ignored, when the transmission distance exceeds 10 km. In addition, such influence in winter is greater than that in summer. Furthermore, in the negative thermocline environment in summer, the influence of fluctuant surface scattering on the sound filed with source below the thermocline and the receiver above the thermocline is greater than that on the sound filed with source and receiver both below the thermocline.
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表 1 2020年声场能量受起伏海面影响的概率(传播距离20 km)
频率 (Hz) 接收深度 (m) 季节 起伏海面散射引起的声传播损失大于2 dB 起伏海面散射引起的声传播损失大于5 dB 风速 (m/s) 概率 (%) 风速 (m/s) 概率 (%) 200 7 冬季 ≥ 10 1.6 ≥ 12 0.1 春季 ≥ 10 0.7 ≥ 12 0.3 夏季 ≥ 12 0.7 — 0 秋季 ≥ 12 0.3 — 0 50 冬季 ≥ 10 1.6 — 0 春季 ≥ 10 0.7 — 0 夏季 — 0 — 0 秋季 ≥ 12 0.3 — 0 1000 7 冬季 ≥ 6 29.3 ≥ 8 8.2 春季 ≥ 6 20.7 ≥ 10 0.7 夏季 ≥ 10 1.3 — 0 秋季 ≥ 8 5.6 ≥ 12 0.3 50 冬季 ≥ 6 29.3 ≥ 8 8.2 春季 ≥ 6 20.7 ≥ 10 0.7 夏季 — 0 — 0 秋季 ≥ 8 5.6 — 0 
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